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Introduction
Breast eczema, also called Atopic Dermatitis, is a skin condition that presents as dry, itchy red skin. As the name suggests, it develops around the breast area, under the breast or around the nipples and can cause severe discomfort to the affected individual. Breast eczema is not contagious meaning it cannot transfer to another person by physical touch. However, one may be at a higher risk of developing breast eczema if there is a family history. Eczema is said to break the skin barrier which then allows the germs and minute particles to enter and cause infection and dryness. Eczema has no definite cure, however, there are other management methods that can help with the symptoms. Clinical trials for eczema are one of the treatment options that may help individuals get access to novel therapies and manage their symptoms.
In this blog, the focus would be on the diagnosis, treatment, and self-care management techniques to avert breast eczema or to manage the symptoms of it.
Symptoms of Breast Eczema
Breast eczema typically manifests with the following symptoms:
- Pruritus (itchy skin)
- Xerosis (dry skin)
- Erythematous (red or discolored) rashes
- Papules or small bumps on the skin
- Areas of thickened, leathery skin
- Crust formation on the affected skin
- Swelling
Although breast eczema itself doesn’t typically cause pain, scratching the affected area can result in skin damage and increase the risk of infection, which can lead to discomfort and pain.
Diagnosis of Breast Eczema:
Diagnosing breast eczema typically involves a thorough evaluation by a physician or dermatologist. The diagnostic process may include:
- Medical History: The healthcare provider will inquire about your medical history, including any family history of skin conditions or allergies.
- Physical Examination: A physical examination of the affected area will be conducted to assess the appearance of the skin, the presence of rashes, redness, scaling, or other symptoms associated with eczema.
- Elimination of Other Causes: It is essential to rule out other potential causes of breast symptoms, such as infections or contact dermatitis, which may require different treatments.
In some cases, a skin biopsy or patch testing may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis and identify specific triggers or allergens.
Breast Eczema Vs. Paget’s Disease — Diagnosis
Breast eczema can manifest anywhere on, under, or between the breasts. However, if the irritation is specifically localized to your nipple and areola and persists despite treatment, your doctor might recommend a biopsy to rule out Paget disease of the breast, a rare form of breast cancer that primarily affects the nipple and areola.
A research study suggests that Paget disease typically involves only one breast, whereas breast eczema often occurs on both breasts.
There are similarities in the symptoms of Paget disease of the breast and breast eczema. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), symptoms of Paget disease of the breast can include:
- Itchiness and changes in color of the nipple and areola
- Scaly, crusty, or thickened skin in the nipple area or around it
- Discharge of bloody or yellow fluid from the nipple
- Nipple flattening or inversion
Treatment Options for Breast Eczema:
The treatment of breast eczema aims to alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation, and prevent flare-ups. The approach may include the following:
- Topical Steroids: Topical corticosteroids are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching. These should be used under the guidance of a physician and as directed, as overuse can lead to thinning of the skin.
- Emollients and Moisturizers: Regularly applying hypoallergenic and fragrance-free emollients and moisturizers can help keep the skin hydrated, reducing dryness and itchiness.
- Avoiding Irritants: Identify and avoid potential irritants or allergens that trigger or exacerbate your breast eczema. This may include switching to hypoallergenic laundry detergents, avoiding perfumed soaps, or choosing breathable, natural fiber bras.
- Prescription Medications: In severe cases or when other treatments are ineffective, healthcare providers may prescribe oral medications like antihistamines or systemic corticosteroids to control symptoms. Immunomodulators like calcineurin inhibitors may also be considered.
- Wet Dressings: In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend wet dressings, where moistened bandages are applied over topical medications to enhance their effectiveness.
- Light Therapy (Phototherapy): Phototherapy involves exposing the affected skin to controlled amounts of UVB or UVA light to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. This is typically used in more severe cases under medical supervision.
Also Read: Breast Eczema: A Common Cause for Itchy Breasts
Self-Care Strategies for Managing Breast Eczema:
While medical treatment is essential for managing breast eczema, self-care plays a vital role in preventing flare-ups and promoting overall skin health. Here are some self-care techniques to keep in mind:
- Gentle Skin Care: Use mild, fragrance-free cleansers and avoid hot water when washing the affected area. Pat the skin dry gently with a soft towel, avoiding rubbing.
- Hydration: Keep the skin well-hydrated by applying a hypoallergenic moisturizer regularly. Moisturize right after taking a shower to lock in moisture.
- Avoid Triggers: Pin down and avoid triggers that worsen your eczema. This may include certain fabrics, laundry detergents, or skincare products.
- Breathable Clothing: Opt for loose-fitting, breathable clothing made from natural fibers like cotton to reduce friction and irritation.
- Stress Management: Stress can exacerbate eczema symptoms. Practice stress-reduction techniques like relaxation exercises, yoga, or meditation to keep stress levels in check.
- Nutrition: Some individuals find that certain foods can trigger eczema flare-ups. Keeping a food diary and working with a healthcare provider or allergist can help identify and manage dietary triggers.
- Temperature Control: Extremes of temperature can worsen eczema. Keep the affected area cool in hot weather and protect it from cold and wind during colder seasons.
Takeaway
In conclusion, breast eczema, though uncomfortable and distressing, can be effectively managed through a combination of medical treatment and self-care. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for controlling symptoms and preventing complications. By adopting self-care strategies and working closely with healthcare providers, individuals can gain better control over their breast eczema and improve their overall quality of life.
Remember, each person’s experience with eczema is unique, so a personalized approach to treatment and self-care is crucial.
Revival Research Institute, a clinical research organization based in Michigan, is conducting clinical trials that may help individuals live a better life.
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